Biography of Anne Neville, Wife and Queen of Richard III of England, Biography of Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England, Biography of Margaret of Anjou, Henry VI's Queen, Famous Mothers in History: Ancient Through Modern, M.Div., Meadville/Lombard Theological School, Father: George, Duke of Clarence, brother of king Edward IV and of Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III), Note: Cecily Neville, Margarets paternal grandmother, was a paternal aunt of Margarets maternal grandfather, Richard Neville. A Yorkist pretender had been crowned in Dublin, a child who claimed to be the Plantagenet heir, Edward, Earl of Warwick, Margarets 12-year-old brother. But if the weather turns nasty you up with an anchor and let it down where there's less wind, and the fishing's better. https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618 (accessed March 1, 2023). Thomas More: A very brief history June 29, 2017; Henry VIII's Westminster Tournament 1511 June 5, 2017; For at least five years, Montagu, Exeter and others had been passing information to the emperor through his ambassador, urging the invasion of England, and Reginald himself had assured the readers of his 1536 letter that a host of disaffected subjects were lurking within the realm, ready to support the invaders against Henry as soon as foreign troops landed. Seven years after the strange liquid death of Margarets father, her uncle Richard III was defeated at Bosworth by Henry Tudor. The remnants of the Plantagenets had no difficulty in breeding, while the Tudors were less lucky. Margaret Pole was restored to a position as lady-in-waiting, which helped her financial situation. Yesterday we travailed with the Lady of Salisbury all day before and after noon, till almost night. Sometimes the questioners were mild, sometimes roughly spoken, traitoring her and her sons to the ninth degree yet will she nothing utter. Margaret continued not uttering, or uttering no proof of treason. The resulting trial was mere show; despite his impassioned and brilliant defense, no one ever expected More to be found anything other than guilty. The relationship between Mary and Lady Salisbury was very close. The accounts differ slightly; Marillac's report, dispatched two days afterwards, recorded that the execution took place in a corner of the Tower with so few people present that, in the evening, news of her execution was doubted. [2] His heir was his son Thomas. The chronology defeated observers, as if her life stretched back into a fabulous era when dragons roamed. They had 1 son & 3 daughters: [1] Sir Thomas. Richard Pole held a variety of offices in Henry VII's government, the highest being Chamberlain for Arthur, Prince of Wales, Henry's elder son. Read anywhere with the London Review of Books app, available now from the App Store for Apple devices, Google Play for Android devices and Amazon for your Kindle Fire. Margaret may have been deprived of her dynastic importance, but her marriage was honourable and stable, and she retained her status, if not her familys great titles and wealth. An Exclusive First Look at Laura Carmichael as Maggie Pole in the Series Finale of The Spanish Princess Watch as she confronts Sir Thomas More. Looking to her last end, Margaret commissioned a chantry at Christchurch Priory. Thick as thieves, More and the king continued to establish a close relationship, with More rising up in the ranks. That was what really cost her head in the end, but we wanted to . 3.67. He had a true gift for friendship and inspired deep loyalty amongst his family and friends. Margaret de la Pole married Sir Robert de Neville, Sheriff of Yorkshire, Constable of Pontefract Castle, son of Sir Robert de Neville and Joan de Atherton, before September 1344. The danger the Tudors saw lay not in the present disposition of the Pole family who vehemently protested their loyalty but in their claim to the throne, and in Reginalds actions while he was out of the jurisdiction. And so he was. Ursula Pole, Baroness Stafford the daughter of Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury and Sir Richard Pole. Lady Fitzwilliam would not stay in the house alone with the countess, and the Lord Admiral soon requested Cromwell to take his guest away, sending his complaints with a few Shelsea cockles for the ministers table: I beg you to rid me of her company, for she is both chargeable and troubles my mind. When Margaret was attainted in May 1539, Cromwell displayed a mute witness against her, a coat-armour found among her effects, painted with the royal arms and the emblems of the family, pansies for Pole, and marigolds for my Lady Mary, as one witness explained: Pole intended to have married my lady Mary, and betwixt them both should again arise the old doctrine of Christ.. Illustrated statistics ; Map ; Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1 . Her mother died after giving birth to a fourth child; that brother died ten days after their mother. In May 1539 Henry, Margaret, Exeter and others were attainted, as Margaret's father had been. (Along with Margaret her sister-in-law Eleanor Pole was also a lady-in-waiting to Katherine. European rulers keen to destabilise England had promoted the claims of this plausible, glamorous young man, but by the summer of 1498 he was in the Tower, about to embark on the last act of his mysterious life. This is Aalto. Because she was a girl Margaret did not represent the same threat. More was not a man to be broken by prison, but he suffered physically. It stated that all who were called upon must take an oath acknowledging Anne as Henrys wife and their future children as legitimate heirs to the throne. Higginbothams narrative begins with this bungled beheading so either the jacket designer was in the dark about the contents, or someone at her publisher has a mordant sense of humour. It was then discovered that More had written to John Fisher, the bishop of Rochester, who was also imprisoned in the Tower for not taking the oath. It was time to be rid of Warwick. This was not due to any dislike of the king. And the king was not pleased with the young lawyer; he promptly imprisoned Mores father in the Tower until he paid a substantial fine. However, things suddenly change in May 1541 when a decision was made to execute her. He has been held up to schoolchildren for centuries as the most. How to Be Tudor: Can a King Have Friends. At this point, Reginald delivered him a nasty surprise, in the shape of a letter denouncing him as a schismatic, heretic and disgrace to Christendom: a Nero, a wild beast. [18][19][20][21][22] Margaret was buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula within the Tower of London. It is meant to contrast with the reality of European rule, divided by ideologies and greed and self-interest. It was five years after the likely date of Margarets marriage that her first son was born. Her London palace, Le Herber, stood in a busy mercantile quarter, approximately where Cannon Street Station is now, and she rented out the tenements around as workshops, stables and an inn. After his death, and for centuries thereafter, Sir Thomas More was known as the most famous victim of Henry VIII's tyranny. As a boy, More spent some time in the household of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury. Ironically, it was his own honesty and probity which ensured his continued service to Henry. But Margaret kept any dissident thoughts to herself, avoiding jeopardy until, in the summer of 1536, the actions of her son Reginald plunged her whole family into trouble. It was, Henry told him, proof that his marriage to Katharine was incestuous due to her previous marriage to his brother. (Scientists aren't absolutely sure that people register no pain when the head is removed or that they lose consciousness instantaneously.) He was even more aware than the king of Mores popular appeal; and this was to Mores detriment for it meant that his refusal to publicly support the king was not something that could be forgiven or forgotten. Although a jury of twelve men would have . More suffered a sharp chest pain, possibly angina, and begged the king to release him from his duties. And More determined that their daughters would receive the same education as their son. Yet if you were to ask Mores contemporaries to describe him, their words would be as conflicted and contradictory as the man himself. Warwick The sons of Edward IV, 11 and 13 years old, had been held in the Tower by their uncle Richard III, and last been seen by Londoners in the summer of 1483. He was no fool; he noted Wolseys great and increasingly ostentatious wealth. by Susan Higginbotham. We come now to the great event of Henrys reign. Reginald was the most interesting and talented of Margarets children, and the one to whom she was not close. The only people to escape the toxicity of the court were Lina (Stephanie Levi-John) and Oviedo (Aaron Cobham), who decided to seek a new life in the Ottoman Empire. Thomas More is the "Man For All Seasons" in the title of the play. Margarets daughter Ursula would have 13 children, and three of her four sons would marry heiresses and have large families. On the 27th May 1541, the elderly Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, godmother and former governess to Henry VIII's daughter Mary, was executed at the Tower of London. He answered their queries as best he could, assuring them of his loyalty to king and state and stressing the matter of his personal conscience. It mattered to London shopkeepers, and to great churchmen. It proved to be another happy marriage, though Mores friends remarked upon Alices sharp tongue and occasionally brusque ways. The date of the marriage is uncertain; 1487 is likely. Chapuys also communicated with Reginald through his brother, Geoffrey. He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor. Thomas More was beheaded in 1535 for his refusal to accept the Acts of Supremacy and the Act of Succession (1534) of Henry VIII of England and swear allegiance to Henry as head of the English Church. Richard Pole was appointed to the household of Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII and Prince of Wales, heir apparent. Gender: Male. England became an embattled nation. Mores piety was the defining aspect of his character; even as the circumstances of his life changed, it remained constant and unyielding. She was sentenced to death, to be executed at the king's will. He worked eight years as undersheriff and proved himself an impartial judge and able administrator. The skeleton was not complete, but part of the skull had survived, and certain other bones. The former Lord Chancellor Sir Thomas More is beheaded for High Treason after refusing to recognise King Henry VIII's religious supremacy. It was More's execution - far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole - which established the king's reputation for capricious cruelty. It is only in posteritys schoolroom view that Bosworth was the end of the Middle Ages or the end of anything; the noble families didnt think their wars were over, and indeed they were not, because in 1487 the new king was defending his throne at the Battle of Stoke. This was not, as some say, Cratwell, who had himself been executed three years earlier, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessed Margaret Pole, "Unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Plantagenet , Countess of Salisbury National Portrait Gallery", "The Execution of Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury", "1541: Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury", "Pole, Margaret, suo jure countess of Salisbury (14731541), noblewoman", "Margaret Plantagenet, Lady Pole & Countess of Salisbury (14731541)", "Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessd Margaret Pole, Southbourne", The Tragical History of King Richard the Third, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Pole,_Countess_of_Salisbury&oldid=1140799395, People convicted under a bill of attainder, People executed by Tudor England by decapitation, People executed under the Tudors for treason against England, Burials at the Church of St Peter ad Vincula, Governesses to the English Royal Household, Hereditary peeresses created by Henry VIII, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing copy edit from February 2023, Articles needing expert attention from June 2022, Miscellaneous articles needing expert attention, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, English Martyrs Church, Preston (she is on the right. To that end, he spent the next three years in study and prayer, wearing a hair shirt next to his skin (a practice he never abandoned), and struggling to reconcile his genuine religious fervor with the demands of the outside world. In 1504, More was elected to Parliament and one of his first acts was to oppose Henry VIIs request of a grant of three-fifteenths. Pole and his hagiographers gave several later accounts of Pole's activities after Henry met Anne Boleyn. The National Archives, minsters' accounts, SC6/HENVIII. The honor was tremendous; notably, More was the first layman to hold the office. Even the more sedate accounts agree that, like Thomas Cromwell, she was hacked about by a second-string executioner. Mores brilliance of mind and curious, kindly character gained him many friends and admirers. His spirits were high when visited by family and friends, though they were only permitted to see him if they took the Oath which he had refused. They were preventing her marriage to the king. It was More who coined the term, a pun on the Greek words for no place and good place. Richard III sent the children to Sheriff Hutton Castle in Yorkshire. The popular image is of a man principled, steadfast, courageous who placed his own conscience above his kings demands. Henry and his ministers suspected Reginald of plotting to marry the kings daughter Mary, and unite her claim with his. More would stand trial for his life. Nor make one step, as you shall see; She also had restored to her the title to the Earldom of Salisbury. Margarets uncle Richard of Gloucester became king in 1483 as Richard III, and reinforced young Margaret and Edwards exclusion from the line of succession. It was perfectly clear to any objective observer that the marriage was unlawful before God! It is no exaggeration to state that its publication ensured More a stature that no other Englishman of his time enjoyed. You see, we speak of being anchored to our principles. [6] She remained there until she returned to favour when Henry VIII came to the throne in 1509. As Englands premier intellectual, Mores opinion mattered. Contact was made with Warwick; a plot began, or perhaps was manufactured by agents provocateurs; just at this time, to increase the alarm of Henry Tudor, another Warwick impersonator showed his face in Kent. One of her children, Reginald Pole, would go on to become a cardinal, and then . Henry VIII was a Catholic ruler, and enjoyed friendly relations with the papacy until he sought to divorce Katharine. Margaret Pole, as she was now styled, was held in the Tower of London for two-and-a-half years. The two children were of use to him; their maternal family, the Nevilles, commanded allegiance in the north. But Lord Montagu attended Annes coronation as he would later attend her trial. Her father was the younger brother of Edward IV and Richard III. Fortunately for the old cardinal, he died before the king could kill him. Where is Hans Holbein when you need him? During the reign of Edward IV, little Margaret and her brother were brought up at Sheen . Their old friendship was past; the kings new advisors were anti-Catholic and pro-Protestant, most notably among them was Thomas Cromwell. Margaret Pole ended up becoming a Catholic martyr. Reginald studied in Italy in 1521 through 1526, financed in part by Henry VIII, then returned and was offered by Henry the choice of several high offices in the church if he would support Henrys divorce from Catherine. 3. When Catherine of Aragon gave birth to a daughter, Mary, Margaret Pole was asked to be one of the godmothers. Certainly Henry wanted Mores support. Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots. ODNB, which argues that the restoration was a tacit admission of her brother's innocence; however, lands and titles had been restored to the heirs of guilty peers during the previous century. He sent envoys. Besides Ursula, four of Margarets children lived to adulthood. In 1487, an imposter, Lambert Simmel, pretended to be her brother Edward, and was used to try to gather a rebellion against Henry VII. Elizabeth Throckmorton. In June 1535, after he had been imprisoned for over a year, Cromwells servant, Richard Rich, now solicitor general, stated that he had spoken with More and More had denied Parliaments power to make Henry head of the church. His work at Bruges and, later, Calais, as well as his continuing duties as undersheriff in London, were clear evidence of his skill and popularity. He later studied at . In theory, after she married, a womans personal property and real estate were at her husbands disposal. In May 1515, More was sent to Bruges as part of a delegation arranged by Wolsey to revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial treaty. She began to write for the. Perhaps his earlier justification for the annulment had been a matter of self-interest, a selective interpretation of opaque text. But Reginald stayed in Italy through the reign of Anne Boleyn supposedly preparing a learned statement on the kings case. When her husband died in 1505, Margaret became a widow with five children. Birth City: London, England. Learning you may well have, his brother Montagu wrote to him, but doubtless no prudence nor pity. Reginald had compared himself to a surgeon ready to cut away diseased flesh from the body of England: not the most tactful metaphor, when your anointed king is dragging about with an ulcerated leg. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. In 1554, Mary reversed the attainder against Reginald Pole, and he was ordained as a priest in 1556 and finally consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1556. Ten years on, her situation was more difficult to negotiate. Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon in 1509 and Margaret was again appointed as one of her ladies-in-waiting. After Richard III seized the throne, he sent Margaret to Yorkshire with her brother. As the heir to the throne, Mary enjoyed a separate household, and in 1525 she was sent to Ludlow to hold court. The next year, when her sons were mixed up with Buckingham, she was removed from that appointment, but later restored to it by 1525. Edward IV died in 1483 when Margaret was ten. His desire for an annulment was now not merely to secure a legitimate heir; it was also spurred by his desire to marry Anne. For these reasons, More had no cause to suspect his monarch of anything less than fealty to their shared faith. Please include name, address and a telephone number. These are not consistent; and ifas he claimed at one pointPole rejected the Divorce in 1526 and refused the Oath of Supremacy in 1531, he received benefits from Henry for a course of action for which others were sentenced to death. Contemporary chroniclers often referred to him as a friend of the poor. When he later built his Great House in Chelsea, its rooms were specifically designed to encourage quiet study and prayer. In 1886, 10 years after . On this date in 1541, 68-year-old Margaret Pole, countess of Salisbury, was beheaded within the confines of the Tower of London, as befitted her rank. After she had redeemed her dead brothers lands from the crown, she owned property in Calais, and estates in Wales and 17 English counties. It states that Margaret refused to lay her head on the block, declaiming, "So should traitors do, and I am none". London Review of Books Eleanor was related through marriage to Lady Margaret Beaufort's extended family.) The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. Henry VII had controlled them first while her brother was a minor and then during his imprisonment; he later confiscated them after his trial. Her heads. As his disgrace deepened, Margaret withdrew from court. Sir Thomas having continued a Prisoner in the Tower somewhere more than a Twelvemonth, for he was committed about the middle of April 1534, and was brought to his Trial on the 7th of May, 1535. he went into the Court leaning on his Staff, because he was much weakened by his Imprisonment, but appeared with a cheerful and composed Countenance. Henry VII had Edward executed, leaving Margaret as the sole survivor of George of Clarence. But and of course this clause was added simply to trap More the Act also required a repudiation of any foreign authority, prince or potentate. More could recognize Anne as the crowned queen of England. Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). Margaret was superfluous; curtly, Henry wrote her off as a fool. In 1540, Cromwell fell from favour and was attainted and executed. [13], In 1537, Reginald (still not ordained) was made a Cardinal. Margaret Pole was one of only two women in the 16 th century to hold a peerage in her own right. This More was fully prepared to do. She was a patron of the New Learning, like many Renaissance noblewomen; Gentian Hervet had translated Erasmus' de immensa misericordia Dei (The Great Mercy of God) into English for her. She was later regarded by Catholics as such and was beatified on 29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII. Margarets whole family had been elevated with her on the wheel of fortune. Her maternal grandfather was killed fighting against her uncle, Edward IV, at the Battle of Barnet. Born in 1473 into a world of bloody dynastic feuds, she survived under the first Tudor and thrived under the second, until she and her family, long suspected of plots against the regime, were destroyed. He needed to convince the Spanish he was secure in his kingdom. Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was born at Farley Castle, near Bath, on 14th August, in or about the year 1473. But they have never been proven, and in fact they seem pretty far fetched. What a contemporary described as her nobility and goodness soon put her back in royal favour. Margaret and Richard Pole had five children, born between about 1492 and 1504: four sons and the youngest a daughter. She was the Spanish princess, Katharine of Aragon, one of the daughters of the Catholic rulers of Spain. The threat seemed even greater by 1538, when the two great powers, France and the emperor, signed a peace treaty which left them free to turn their attention to the pariah nation. And the king did not force the issue. Her brothers royal blood, however, remained a danger. Meanwhile, time was passing and a king used to instant obedience was determined to wait no longer. Thomas More was born on 7 February 1478 in London, the son of a successful lawyer. It was children who caused him a problem. Born 14 August 1473, Margaret was one of the few Plantagenets who had survived the Wars of the Roses She was the mother of . Thomas Cromwell producerade en tunika av typen 'Five Wounds of Christ', som pstods vara en symbol fr nskan att placera . They married less than a month after Jane Colts death and More had to seek special dispensation from the church. Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. But Margaret Pole, one of the great magnates of Tudor England, is not overlooked. As part of his 'Random Histo. She was the niece of Edward IV and Richard III of England by way of their brother George Plantagenet, 1 st Duke of Clarence. His decision to become a lay Christian now made, More quickly married. More later memorialized her as uxorcula Thomae Mori; her gentle personality is attested to by Erasmuss letters, as he was a frequent visitor to Mores home. More essentially argued that communal life is the only way to end the ill effects of self-interest on politics. Margaret was one of just two women in 16th-century England to be a peeress in her own right (suo jure) without a husband in the House of Lords. She was no longer, though, the sort of influence Henry wished for his daughter. Or was there, as she claimed, nothing worth burning? And he was a father who insisted his three daughters have the same education as his son. 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